Oromo Cavalry & African Military History Constitutional Warfare and the Buttaa Tradition in the Horn of Africa ⸻ Abstract This chapter examines the Oromo cavalry as one of the most sophisticated and institutionally structured military systems in precolonial African history. Contrary to portrayals that frame African warfare as decentralized, spontaneous, or clan-based, the Oromo mounted forces operated within a constitutional generational framework embedded in the Gadaa system. Through detailed a