Committees like the Malimath and Madhav Menon Committees have recommended statutory frameworks for sentencing. Adoption of alternative sanctions and a victim-centric approach are suggested to improve ...

Maharashtra’s law keeps an eye on repeat offenders, can restrict their movement, send them for reform, and gives extra punishment if they break rules or are caught acting suspiciously.

Special laws in India refer to statutes enacted to address specific types of offences or situations not fully covered by the Indian Penal Code (IPC). These laws often prescribe th ...

The Fundamental Rights in India are enshrined in Part III of the Constitution, covering Articles 12 to 35. These rights are considered essential for the development of every individual and for ...

Article 37: It states that the Directive Principles are non-justiciable. Nevertheless, Article 37 itself says that these principles are fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the ...

Judicial activism has expanded the scope of judicial review to include social and economic justice, making the Constitution a living document responsive to societal needs. · Golaknath & Ors vs State ...

The climate of fear and impunity created by AFSPA undermines democratic participation, silences dissent, and erodes trust between Indigenous communities and the state. The militarization of Indigenous ...

International Norms: The Declaration has influenced international treaties, regional charters (like the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights), and global conferences, including the Vienna ...

Judicial activism is evident in landmark judgments such as the expansion of Article 21 (right to life and personal liberty) to include the "due process of law," not just "procedure established by law, ...

The judiciary in India plays a crucial role in shaping the legal landscape by creatively interpreting laws and relying on judicial precedents. This dynamic process ensures that the Constitution ...

The inclusion of I4C under the PMLA framework allows it to receive and exchange critical financial intelligence with agencies ...

The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) is a key multilateral treaty adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 16, 1966, and entered into force on ...