Ocean currents are not just horizontal motions that flow from side to side. There are also vertical currents that act like ...

What can the pH level of the subsurface ocean on Enceladus tell us about finding life there? This is what a recent study accepted to Icarus hopes to address as a team of researchers investigated the ...

How can scientists estimate the pH level of Enceladus' subsurface ocean without landing on its surface? This is what a study recently posted to the arXiv preprint server hopes to address as a team of ...

Reconstructing the three-dimensional structure of the ocean interior relies on combining satellite observations of the surface with sparse in situ measurements to infer subsurface temperature, ...

While marine heatwaves (MHWs) have been studied at the sea surface for more than a decade, new research published today in Nature has found 80 per cent of MHWs below 100 metres are independent of ...

Europa’s subsurface ocean might be getting fed after all. Scientists found that salty, nutrient-rich surface ice can become heavy enough to break free and sink through Europa’s icy shell, delivering ...

From the flamboyant blossoms and birds of rainforests to the living rainbows of coral reefs, Earth’s surface is teeming with life. But some of its most diverse and fascinating biomes are thriving in ...