Real options analysis provides a rigorous framework for valuing flexibility in climate adaptation investments by treating the right—but not the obligation—to act as a financial option. Under deep ...

Real Options Analysis (ROA) has emerged as a critical framework for evaluating investments in renewable energy projects, offering a means to capture the value of managerial flexibility under ...

Emergency management practitioners struggle to justify investments in “contingent capabilities:” backup systems, surge capacity, and strategic reserves that provide value only during disasters.

Developing countries have recently proved reluctant to participate in sovereign debt moratoria and debt relief initiatives. We argue that debtors' (non-)participation decisions can be understood ...