The integration of network coding in optical networks heralds a transformative approach to managing the burgeoning demands of data traffic and the associated operational challenges. By incorporating ...

In high-speed optical communications, traditional orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing systems face fundamental limitations, including exponentially increasing spatial-domain complexity, ...

Fiber optic technology is the backbone of modern digital infrastructure, and recent innovations are propelling its capabilities to new heights. In the past few years, breakthroughs in materials, ...

(A) A traditional fully connected neural network. The layers are connected by black lines corresponding to weights. The neurons separately realize the summation and nonlinear activation functions ...

A new version of Cisco’s Routed Optical Networking promises to simplify complex, multilayer networks by converging the IP and optical layers and minimizing the functional overlap. The software is ...